Azure Security - Безопасность Azure

Что такое Azure Security?

Azure Security — это комплексный набор сервисов и инструментов Microsoft Azure для обеспечения безопасности облачных ресурсов, данных и приложений. Azure предоставляет встроенные возможности безопасности на всех уровнях облачной архитектуры.

Основные принципы

• Zero Trust — принцип “никому не доверяй, проверяй все”
• Defense in Depth — многоуровневая защита
• Shared Responsibility — разделенная ответственность
• Continuous Monitoring — непрерывный мониторинг
• Compliance — соответствие стандартам

Архитектура безопасности Azure

1. Identity and Access Management

// Система управления идентификацией Azure
class AzureIdentityManagement {
  constructor() {
    this.azureAd = new AzureActiveDirectory();
    this.conditionalAccess = new ConditionalAccess();
    this.privilegedIdentity = new PrivilegedIdentityManagement();
    this.identityProtection = new IdentityProtection();
  }

  // Настройка Azure AD
  configureAzureAD(tenantConfig) {
    const config = {
      tenantId: tenantConfig.tenantId,
      domain: tenantConfig.domain,
      federation: tenantConfig.federation || "MANAGED",
      securityDefaults: tenantConfig.securityDefaults || true,
      mfaEnforcement: tenantConfig.mfaEnforcement || "REQUIRED",
      passwordPolicy: tenantConfig.passwordPolicy || {
        minLength: 12,
        requireUppercase: true,
        requireLowercase: true,
        requireNumbers: true,
        requireSymbols: true,
        maxAge: 90,
      },
      signInPolicy: tenantConfig.signInPolicy || {
        allowGuestUsers: false,
        requireMfa: true,
        blockLegacyAuth: true,
      },
    };

    return this.azureAd.configure(config);
  }

  // Создание пользователя
  createUser(userData) {
    const user = {
      id: userData.id,
      displayName: userData.displayName,
      userPrincipalName: userData.userPrincipalName,
      mail: userData.mail,
      department: userData.department,
      jobTitle: userData.jobTitle,
      accountEnabled: true,
      passwordProfile: {
        forceChangePasswordNextSignIn: true,
        password: this.generateSecurePassword(),
      },
      assignedLicenses: userData.assignedLicenses || [],
      assignedGroups: userData.assignedGroups || [],
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    return this.azureAd.createUser(user);
  }

  // Создание группы
  createGroup(groupData) {
    const group = {
      id: groupData.id,
      displayName: groupData.displayName,
      description: groupData.description,
      groupTypes: groupData.groupTypes || ["Unified"],
      mailEnabled: groupData.mailEnabled || false,
      securityEnabled: groupData.securityEnabled || true,
      owners: groupData.owners || [],
      members: groupData.members || [],
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    return this.azureAd.createGroup(group);
  }

  // Настройка условного доступа
  configureConditionalAccess(policyData) {
    const policy = {
      id: policyData.id,
      displayName: policyData.displayName,
      state: policyData.state || "ENABLED",
      conditions: {
        users: {
          includeUsers: policyData.includeUsers || [],
          excludeUsers: policyData.excludeUsers || [],
          includeGroups: policyData.includeGroups || [],
          excludeGroups: policyData.excludeGroups || [],
        },
        applications: {
          includeApplications: policyData.includeApplications || [],
          excludeApplications: policyData.excludeApplications || [],
        },
        locations: {
          includeLocations: policyData.includeLocations || [],
          excludeLocations: policyData.excludeLocations || [],
        },
        clientAppTypes: policyData.clientAppTypes || [
          "BROWSER",
          "MOBILE_APPS_AND_DESKTOP_CLIENTS",
        ],
        platforms: policyData.platforms || {
          includePlatforms: ["ALL"],
          excludePlatforms: [],
        },
      },
      grantControls: {
        operator: "AND",
        builtInControls: policyData.builtInControls || ["MFA"],
        customAuthenticationFactors:
          policyData.customAuthenticationFactors || [],
        termsOfUse: policyData.termsOfUse || [],
      },
      sessionControls: {
        applicationEnforcedRestrictions:
          policyData.applicationEnforcedRestrictions || false,
        persistentBrowser: policyData.persistentBrowser || false,
        cloudAppSecurity: policyData.cloudAppSecurity || null,
        signInFrequency: policyData.signInFrequency || null,
      },
    };

    return this.conditionalAccess.createPolicy(policy);
  }

  // Настройка PIM
  configurePIM(roleData) {
    const role = {
      id: roleData.id,
      displayName: roleData.displayName,
      description: roleData.description,
      templateId: roleData.templateId,
      assignments: roleData.assignments || [],
      settings: {
        activationDuration: roleData.activationDuration || 8, // hours
        maxActivationDuration: roleData.maxActivationDuration || 8,
        requireJustification: roleData.requireJustification || true,
        requireMfa: roleData.requireMfa || true,
        requireApproval: roleData.requireApproval || false,
        approvers: roleData.approvers || [],
      },
    };

    return this.privilegedIdentity.createRole(role);
  }

  // Генерация безопасного пароля
  generateSecurePassword() {
    const length = 16;
    const charset =
      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!@#$%^&*";
    let password = ";

    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      password += charset.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * charset.length));
    }

    return password;
  }
}

2. Network Security

// Система сетевой безопасности Azure
class AzureNetworkSecurity {
  constructor() {
    this.networkSecurityGroups = new Map();
    this.applicationGateways = new Map();
    this.firewalls = new Map();
    this.ddosProtection = new Map();
    this.virtualNetworks = new Map();
  }

  // Создание NSG
  createNSG(nsgData) {
    const nsg = {
      id: nsgData.id,
      name: nsgData.name,
      location: nsgData.location,
      resourceGroup: nsgData.resourceGroup,
      rules: nsgData.rules || [],
      subnets: nsgData.subnets || [],
      networkInterfaces: nsgData.networkInterfaces || [],
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.networkSecurityGroups.set(nsgData.id, nsg);

    return {
      success: true,
      nsg: nsg,
    };
  }

  // Создание правила NSG
  createNSGRule(ruleData) {
    const rule = {
      id: ruleData.id,
      name: ruleData.name,
      priority: ruleData.priority,
      direction: ruleData.direction, // Inbound, Outbound
      access: ruleData.access, // Allow, Deny
      protocol: ruleData.protocol, // TCP, UDP, ICMP, Any
      sourcePortRange: ruleData.sourcePortRange || "*",
      destinationPortRange: ruleData.destinationPortRange || "*",
      sourceAddressPrefix: ruleData.sourceAddressPrefix || "*",
      destinationAddressPrefix: ruleData.destinationAddressPrefix || "*",
      description: ruleData.description || ",
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      rule: rule,
    };
  }

  // Создание Application Gateway
  createApplicationGateway(gatewayData) {
    const gateway = {
      id: gatewayData.id,
      name: gatewayData.name,
      location: gatewayData.location,
      resourceGroup: gatewayData.resourceGroup,
      sku: gatewayData.sku || {
        name: "WAF_v2",
        tier: "WAF_v2",
      },
      gatewayIPConfigurations: gatewayData.gatewayIPConfigurations || [],
      frontendIPConfigurations: gatewayData.frontendIPConfigurations || [],
      frontendPorts: gatewayData.frontendPorts || [],
      backendAddressPools: gatewayData.backendAddressPools || [],
      backendHttpSettings: gatewayData.backendHttpSettings || [],
      httpListeners: gatewayData.httpListeners || [],
      requestRoutingRules: gatewayData.requestRoutingRules || [],
      webApplicationFirewall: gatewayData.webApplicationFirewall || {
        enabled: true,
        firewallMode: "Prevention",
        ruleSetType: "OWASP",
        ruleSetVersion: "3.0",
      },
      sslCertificates: gatewayData.sslCertificates || [],
      authenticationCertificates: gatewayData.authenticationCertificates || [],
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.applicationGateways.set(gatewayData.id, gateway);

    return {
      success: true,
      gateway: gateway,
    };
  }

  // Создание Azure Firewall
  createFirewall(firewallData) {
    const firewall = {
      id: firewallData.id,
      name: firewallData.name,
      location: firewallData.location,
      resourceGroup: firewallData.resourceGroup,
      sku: firewallData.sku || {
        name: "AZFW_VNet",
        tier: "Standard",
      },
      ipConfigurations: firewallData.ipConfigurations || [],
      managementIpConfiguration: firewallData.managementIpConfiguration || null,
      threatIntelMode: firewallData.threatIntelMode || "Alert",
      applicationRuleCollections: firewallData.applicationRuleCollections || [],
      networkRuleCollections: firewallData.networkRuleCollections || [],
      natRuleCollections: firewallData.natRuleCollections || [],
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.firewalls.set(firewallData.id, firewall);

    return {
      success: true,
      firewall: firewall,
    };
  }

  // Создание правила Application Rule
  createApplicationRule(ruleData) {
    const rule = {
      id: ruleData.id,
      name: ruleData.name,
      description: ruleData.description || ",
      sourceAddresses: ruleData.sourceAddresses || [],
      protocols: ruleData.protocols || [],
      targetFqdns: ruleData.targetFqdns || [],
      fqdnTags: ruleData.fqdnTags || [],
      webCategories: ruleData.webCategories || [],
      action: ruleData.action || "Allow",
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      rule: rule,
    };
  }

  // Создание правила Network Rule
  createNetworkRule(ruleData) {
    const rule = {
      id: ruleData.id,
      name: ruleData.name,
      description: ruleData.description || ",
      sourceAddresses: ruleData.sourceAddresses || [],
      destinationAddresses: ruleData.destinationAddresses || [],
      destinationPorts: ruleData.destinationPorts || [],
      protocols: ruleData.protocols || [],
      action: ruleData.action || "Allow",
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      rule: rule,
    };
  }

  // Настройка DDoS Protection
  configureDDoSProtection(protectionData) {
    const protection = {
      id: protectionData.id,
      name: protectionData.name,
      location: protectionData.location,
      resourceGroup: protectionData.resourceGroup,
      sku: protectionData.sku || {
        name: "Standard",
        tier: "Standard",
      },
      virtualNetworks: protectionData.virtualNetworks || [],
      publicIPAddresses: protectionData.publicIPAddresses || [],
      settings: {
        notificationEmail: protectionData.notificationEmail || [],
        enableTelemetry: protectionData.enableTelemetry || true,
        enableLogging: protectionData.enableLogging || true,
      },
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.ddosProtection.set(protectionData.id, protection);

    return {
      success: true,
      protection: protection,
    };
  }
}

3. Data Protection

// Система защиты данных Azure
class AzureDataProtection {
  constructor() {
    this.keyVaults = new Map();
    this.storageAccounts = new Map();
    this.encryption = new Map();
    this.backup = new Map();
  }

  // Создание Key Vault
  createKeyVault(vaultData) {
    const vault = {
      id: vaultData.id,
      name: vaultData.name,
      location: vaultData.location,
      resourceGroup: vaultData.resourceGroup,
      sku: vaultData.sku || {
        name: "standard",
        family: "A",
      },
      tenantId: vaultData.tenantId,
      accessPolicies: vaultData.accessPolicies || [],
      networkAcls: vaultData.networkAcls || {
        defaultAction: "Allow",
        bypass: "AzureServices",
        virtualNetworkRules: [],
        ipRules: [],
      },
      enableSoftDelete: vaultData.enableSoftDelete || true,
      softDeleteRetentionInDays: vaultData.softDeleteRetentionInDays || 90,
      enablePurgeProtection: vaultData.enablePurgeProtection || true,
      enableRbacAuthorization: vaultData.enableRbacAuthorization || false,
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.keyVaults.set(vaultData.id, vault);

    return {
      success: true,
      vault: vault,
    };
  }

  // Создание секрета
  createSecret(vaultId, secretData) {
    const vault = this.keyVaults.get(vaultId);
    if (!vault) {
      return { success: false, error: "Key Vault not found" };
    }

    const secret = {
      id: secretData.id,
      name: secretData.name,
      value: secretData.value,
      contentType: secretData.contentType || "text/plain",
      tags: secretData.tags || {},
      enabled: secretData.enabled !== false,
      notBefore: secretData.notBefore || null,
      expires: secretData.expires || null,
      keyId: secretData.keyId || null,
      managed: secretData.managed || false,
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      secret: secret,
    };
  }

  // Создание ключа
  createKey(vaultId, keyData) {
    const vault = this.keyVaults.get(vaultId);
    if (!vault) {
      return { success: false, error: "Key Vault not found" };
    }

    const key = {
      id: keyData.id,
      name: keyData.name,
      keyType: keyData.keyType || "RSA",
      keySize: keyData.keySize || 2048,
      curveName: keyData.curveName || null,
      keyOps: keyData.keyOps || [
        "encrypt",
        "decrypt",
        "sign",
        "verify",
        "wrapKey",
        "unwrapKey",
      ],
      tags: keyData.tags || {},
      enabled: keyData.enabled !== false,
      notBefore: keyData.notBefore || null,
      expires: keyData.expires || null,
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      key: key,
    };
  }

  // Создание сертификата
  createCertificate(vaultId, certData) {
    const vault = this.keyVaults.get(vaultId);
    if (!vault) {
      return { success: false, error: "Key Vault not found" };
    }

    const certificate = {
      id: certData.id,
      name: certData.name,
      certificatePolicy: certData.certificatePolicy || {
        keyProperties: {
          exportable: true,
          keyType: "RSA",
          keySize: 2048,
          reuseKey: true,
        },
        secretProperties: {
          contentType: "application/x-pkcs12",
        },
        x509CertificateProperties: {
          subject: certData.subject || "CN=AzureApp",
          validityInMonths: certData.validityInMonths || 12,
          keyUsage: certData.keyUsage || [
            "digitalSignature",
            "keyEncipherment",
          ],
          enhancedKeyUsage: certData.enhancedKeyUsage || ["1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"],
        },
      },
      tags: certData.tags || {},
      enabled: certData.enabled !== false,
      notBefore: certData.notBefore || null,
      expires: certData.expires || null,
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      certificate: certificate,
    };
  }

  // Создание Storage Account
  createStorageAccount(storageData) {
    const storage = {
      id: storageData.id,
      name: storageData.name,
      location: storageData.location,
      resourceGroup: storageData.resourceGroup,
      sku: storageData.sku || {
        name: "Standard_LRS",
        tier: "Standard",
      },
      kind: storageData.kind || "StorageV2",
      accessTier: storageData.accessTier || "Hot",
      httpsOnly: storageData.httpsOnly !== false,
      allowBlobPublicAccess: storageData.allowBlobPublicAccess || false,
      minimumTlsVersion: storageData.minimumTlsVersion || "TLS1_2",
      allowSharedKeyAccess: storageData.allowSharedKeyAccess || true,
      networkAcls: storageData.networkAcls || {
        defaultAction: "Allow",
        bypass: "AzureServices",
        virtualNetworkRules: [],
        ipRules: [],
      },
      encryption: storageData.encryption || {
        services: {
          blob: {
            enabled: true,
            keyType: "Account",
          },
          file: {
            enabled: true,
            keyType: "Account",
          },
        },
        keySource: "Microsoft.Storage",
      },
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.storageAccounts.set(storageData.id, storage);

    return {
      success: true,
      storage: storage,
    };
  }

  // Настройка шифрования
  configureEncryption(encryptionData) {
    const encryption = {
      id: encryptionData.id,
      resourceId: encryptionData.resourceId,
      encryptionType: encryptionData.encryptionType || "AzureKeyVault",
      keyVaultUrl: encryptionData.keyVaultUrl,
      keyName: encryptionData.keyName,
      keyVersion: encryptionData.keyVersion,
      enabled: encryptionData.enabled !== false,
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.encryption.set(encryptionData.id, encryption);

    return {
      success: true,
      encryption: encryption,
    };
  }
}

4. Monitoring and Compliance

// Система мониторинга и соответствия Azure
class AzureMonitoringCompliance {
  constructor() {
    this.logAnalytics = new Map();
    this.securityCenter = new Map();
    this.sentinel = new Map();
    this.compliance = new Map();
  }

  // Создание Log Analytics Workspace
  createLogAnalyticsWorkspace(workspaceData) {
    const workspace = {
      id: workspaceData.id,
      name: workspaceData.name,
      location: workspaceData.location,
      resourceGroup: workspaceData.resourceGroup,
      sku: workspaceData.sku || {
        name: "PerGB2018",
      },
      retentionInDays: workspaceData.retentionInDays || 30,
      publicNetworkAccessForIngestion:
        workspaceData.publicNetworkAccessForIngestion || "Enabled",
      publicNetworkAccessForQuery:
        workspaceData.publicNetworkAccessForQuery || "Enabled",
      tags: workspaceData.tags || {},
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.logAnalytics.set(workspaceData.id, workspace);

    return {
      success: true,
      workspace: workspace,
    };
  }

  // Создание запроса KQL
  createKQLQuery(queryData) {
    const query = {
      id: queryData.id,
      name: queryData.name,
      description: queryData.description || ",
      query: queryData.query,
      category: queryData.category || "Security",
      tags: queryData.tags || [],
      parameters: queryData.parameters || [],
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      query: query,
    };
  }

  // Настройка Security Center
  configureSecurityCenter(centerData) {
    const center = {
      id: centerData.id,
      name: centerData.name,
      location: centerData.location,
      resourceGroup: centerData.resourceGroup,
      pricingTier: centerData.pricingTier || "Standard",
      autoProvision: centerData.autoProvision || true,
      workspaceId: centerData.workspaceId,
      settings: {
        enableDataCollection: centerData.enableDataCollection !== false,
        enableAutoProvision: centerData.enableAutoProvision !== false,
        enableThreatDetection: centerData.enableThreatDetection !== false,
        enableVulnerabilityAssessment:
          centerData.enableVulnerabilityAssessment !== false,
        enableJustInTimeAccess: centerData.enableJustInTimeAccess !== false,
        enableAdaptiveApplicationControls:
          centerData.enableAdaptiveApplicationControls !== false,
        enableFileIntegrityMonitoring:
          centerData.enableFileIntegrityMonitoring !== false,
      },
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.securityCenter.set(centerData.id, center);

    return {
      success: true,
      center: center,
    };
  }

  // Создание Sentinel Workspace
  createSentinelWorkspace(sentinelData) {
    const sentinel = {
      id: sentinelData.id,
      name: sentinelData.name,
      location: sentinelData.location,
      resourceGroup: sentinelData.resourceGroup,
      workspaceId: sentinelData.workspaceId,
      dataConnectors: sentinelData.dataConnectors || [],
      analyticsRules: sentinelData.analyticsRules || [],
      huntingQueries: sentinelData.huntingQueries || [],
      playbooks: sentinelData.playbooks || [],
      watchlists: sentinelData.watchlists || [],
      settings: {
        enableThreatIntelligence:
          sentinelData.enableThreatIntelligence !== false,
        enableUserAndEntityBehaviorAnalytics:
          sentinelData.enableUserAndEntityBehaviorAnalytics !== false,
        enableFusion: sentinelData.enableFusion !== false,
        enableMachineLearning: sentinelData.enableMachineLearning !== false,
      },
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.sentinel.set(sentinelData.id, sentinel);

    return {
      success: true,
      sentinel: sentinel,
    };
  }

  // Создание аналитического правила
  createAnalyticsRule(ruleData) {
    const rule = {
      id: ruleData.id,
      name: ruleData.name,
      description: ruleData.description || ",
      query: ruleData.query,
      queryFrequency: ruleData.queryFrequency || "PT5M",
      queryPeriod: ruleData.queryPeriod || "PT5M",
      triggerOperator: ruleData.triggerOperator || "GreaterThan",
      triggerThreshold: ruleData.triggerThreshold || 0,
      severity: ruleData.severity || "Medium",
      tactics: ruleData.tactics || [],
      techniques: ruleData.techniques || [],
      playbookName: ruleData.playbookName || null,
      enabled: ruleData.enabled !== false,
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    return {
      success: true,
      rule: rule,
    };
  }

  // Настройка соответствия
  configureCompliance(complianceData) {
    const compliance = {
      id: complianceData.id,
      name: complianceData.name,
      standard: complianceData.standard, // ISO27001, SOC2, PCI-DSS, GDPR
      scope: complianceData.scope || [],
      controls: complianceData.controls || [],
      assessments: complianceData.assessments || [],
      reports: complianceData.reports || [],
      status: complianceData.status || "IN_PROGRESS",
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };

    this.compliance.set(complianceData.id, compliance);

    return {
      success: true,
      compliance: compliance,
    };
  }
}

Основные сервисы безопасности

1. Azure Active Directory

• Identity Management — управление идентификацией
• Conditional Access — условный доступ
• Privileged Identity Management — управление привилегированными удостоверениями
• Identity Protection — защита идентификации

2. Azure Security Center

• Security Posture Management — управление состоянием безопасности
• Threat Protection — защита от угроз
• Vulnerability Assessment — оценка уязвимостей
• Security Recommendations — рекомендации по безопасности

3. Azure Sentinel

• SIEM — система управления информацией и событиями безопасности
• SOAR — автоматизация реагирования на инциденты
• Threat Hunting — поиск угроз
• Incident Response — реагирование на инциденты

4. Azure Key Vault

• Secrets Management — управление секретами
• Key Management — управление ключами
• Certificate Management — управление сертификатами
• Hardware Security Module — аппаратный модуль безопасности

Best Practices

1. Identity and Access

• Multi-Factor Authentication — многофакторная аутентификация
• Conditional Access — условный доступ
• Least Privilege — принцип наименьших привилегий
• Regular Reviews — регулярные проверки доступа

2. Network Security

• Network Segmentation — сегментация сети
• Firewall Rules — правила брандмауэра
• DDoS Protection — защита от DDoS
• VPN/ExpressRoute — защищенные соединения

3. Data Protection

• Encryption at Rest — шифрование в покое
• Encryption in Transit — шифрование в передаче
• Key Management — управление ключами
• Backup and Recovery — резервное копирование

4. Monitoring

• Continuous Monitoring — непрерывный мониторинг
• Log Collection — сбор логов
• Threat Detection — обнаружение угроз
• Incident Response — реагирование на инциденты

Заключение

Azure Security — это комплексная платформа безопасности, которая предоставляет:

• Встроенную безопасность — на всех уровнях облачной архитектуры
• Автоматизацию — автоматические процессы безопасности
• Мониторинг — непрерывный мониторинг и анализ
• Соответствие — соответствие различным стандартам

Помните: безопасность Azure — это не разовое мероприятие, а постоянный процесс. Регулярно обновляйте политики, следите за новыми угрозами и адаптируйте меры защиты.

💡 Совет: Начните с настройки Azure AD и условного доступа, затем внедрите мониторинг и защиту данных. Не забывайте о регулярном аудите и обновлении политик безопасности!